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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1377 | - 1377—1399: Richard II, son of the Black Prince, becomes King of England (to 1399)
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| 2 | 1394 | - 1394: Richard II leads expedition to subdue Ireland; returns to England 1395
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| 3 | 1396 | - 1396: Richard II marries the seven-year old Princess Isabella of France
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| 4 | 1399 | - 1399: Death of John of Gaunt; Gaunt's eldest son, Henry of Bolingbroke, lands in Yorkshire with 40 followers, and soon has 60,000 supporters: Richard II is deposed; Bolingbroke becomes Henry IV, King of England (to 1413)
- 1399—1413: King Henry IV
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| 5 | 1400 | - 1400: Richard II murdered at Pontefract Castle; Owen Glendower proclaims himself Prince of Wales and begins rebellion
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| 6 | 1405 | - 1405: Admiral Cheng Ho begins his voyages for Emperor Chu Ti. The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne rules the South Pacific and Indian Ocean until 1433
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| 7 | 1406 | - 1406: Henry, Prince of Wales, defeats Welsh
- 1406: Ptolemy's geography is introduced in Europe
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| 8 | 1413 | - 1413—1422: Henry V becomes King of England (to 1422)
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| 9 | 1415 | - 1415: Henry V invades France, and defeats the French at Agincourt
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| 10 | 1420 | - 1420: Filippo Brunelleschi drew in scientifically-accurate perspective.
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| 11 | 1422 | - 1422: Deaths of Henry V of England and Charles VI of France; Henry VI becomes King of England (to 1461)
- 1422—1461: King Henry VI
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| 12 | 1424 | - 1424: John, Duke of Bedford, regent for Henry VI of England, defeats the French at Cravant
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| 13 | 1428 | - 1428: Henry VI begins siege of Orleans
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| 14 | 1429 | - 1429: A French force, led by military commander Joan of Arc (Jeanne d'Arc), relieves the siege of Orleans; Charles VII crowned king of France at Rheims
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| 15 | 1430 | - 1430: Burgundians capture Jeanne d'Arc and hand her over to the English
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| 16 | 1431 | - 1431: Jeanne d'Arc burned as a witch at Rouen; Henry VI of England crowned king of France in Paris
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| 17 | 1432 | - 1432: Portuguese navigators discover the Azores
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| 18 | 1437 | - 1437: Johann Gutenberg became the first in Europe to print with movable type cast in molds.
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| 19 | 1441 | - 1441: Portuguese navigators cruise West Africa and reestablish slave trade
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| 20 | 1444 | - 1444: Cusa denied that the earth could be at the center of the universe since the universe is unbounded and made several astronomical claims including that the Earth moved around the sun, the stars were other suns, and had inhabited worlds. He also performed the first modern, formal biological experiment from which he concluded that plants absorb nourishment from the air.
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| 21 | 1453 | - 1453: Bordeaux falls to the French, Hundred Years' War ends; England's only French possession is Calais; In England, Henry VI becomes insane
- 1453: Turks overrun Constantinople, shutting off the overland trade route
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| 22 | 1454 | - 1454: Richard, Duke of York, is regent of England while Henry VI is insane
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| 23 | 1455 | - 1455: Henry VI recovers. Richard of York is replaced by Somerset and excluded from the Royal Council; War of the Roses - civil wars in England between royal houses of York and Lancaster (until 1485); Battle of St. Albans. Somerset defeated and killed
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| 24 | 1460 | - 1460: Battle of Wakefield. Richard of York is defeated and killed; Earl of Warwick (the Kingmaker) captures London for the Yorkists; Battle of Northampton: Henry VI is captured by Yorkists
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| 25 | 1461 | - 1461: Battles of Mortimer's Cross and Towton: Richard's son, Edward of York, defeats Lancastrians and becomes king; Edward IV, King of England (to 1483)
- 1461—1483: King Edward IV
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| 26 | 1465 | - 1465: Henry VI imprisoned by Edward IV
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| 27 | 1466 | - 1466: Warwick's quarrels with Edward IV begin; forms alliance with Louis XI
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